mankhwala

Kufotokozera mwachidule:

Tourmaline ufa ndi ufa wopezedwa mwa kuphwanya mwamakina miyala yamtengo wapatali ya tourmaline pambuyo pochotsa zonyansa.Ufa wokonzedwa ndi woyeretsedwa wa tourmaline uli ndi m'badwo wapamwamba wa anion komanso kutulutsa kwakutali kwa infrared.Tourmaline imatchedwanso tourmaline.Tourmaline general chemical formulations ndi NaR3Al6Si6O18BO33 (OH, F.).4, kristaloyo ndi ya trigonal system banja la cyclic structure silicate minerals ambiri.Mu chilinganizo, R amaimira chitsulo cation.Pamene R ndi Fe2 +, imapanga mtundu wakuda wa crystal tourmaline.Makhiristo a tourmaline ali mu mawonekedwe a mizati pafupifupi katatu, ndi mawonekedwe osiyana a kristalo pamapeto onse awiri.Mipingo imakhala ndi mikwingwirima yayitali, nthawi zambiri imakhala ngati mizati, singano, ma radial, ndi magulu akuluakulu.Galasi gloss, wosweka utomoni gloss, translucent kuti mandala.Palibe cleavage.Mohs kuuma 7-7.5, mphamvu yokoka yeniyeni 2.98-3.20.Pali piezoelectricity ndi pyroelectricity.